Professor Jennifer Wyant describes “…a famous legend told about Martha of Bethany that was popular in the Middle Ages.  In this story, which takes place after the resurrection of Jesus, she becomes a traveling preacher and ends up in a small town in France that, unfortunately, has a chronic dragon problem.  She manages to slay the dragon and, in doing so, wins the whole town over to Christianity.  In that same story, her sister Mary, on that same trip, ends up starting a monastery in the wilderness, meaning they both live out the roles assigned to them in Christian history:  Martha acts and Mary studies.  Martha represents an active faith, while Mary represents a contemplative faith.”  Wyant goes on to explain that “This dichotomy comes in many ways from Luke 10:38–42 [that we read today], in which Martha shows Jesus hospitality while Mary sits at his feet.  The two women embody different aspects of Christian discipleship in Luke’s Gospel, and both are lifted up as positive characters.  They are both doing good things.  There is no villain in this story.  But ultimately, Jesus tells Martha that Mary has chosen the better part, and this represents a tension point for most readers.”[i]

Now like any good Episcopalian, I am not big on dichotomies.  I am not a fan of either-or options – I am more of a both-and Christian.  So, I am not sure if this story gets my hackles up because I think dichotomies can be dangerous, or if I am defensive because both this story and the Old Testament lesson have women hustling around in stereotypically gendered roles, or if Jesus’ lack of support and criticism of Martha is so biting, or if I just see too much of myself in Martha.  If Martha and Mary’s story today has you similarly anxious, uncomfortable, or defensive, or if this story has you feeling a bit affirmed and self-righteous, then we all need to dig a bit more deeply into this story. 

Starting with the text will help.  On the surface, this is a story about an older sibling, Martha, taking on all the household work while the younger sister, Mary, sits with Jesus, enjoying the luxury of learning from Jesus while Martha does all the work.  But in verse 40, the translation we have says Martha is distracted by her many tasks.  Now according to scholars, the Greek translation says something more like, “Martha is ‘distracted by much ministry.’”[ii]  This is not a critique of stereotypically gendered work women must do.  Martha is not just distracted by preparing food, cleaning the house, and making beds for disciples.  Martha is doing the sacred, faithful work of hospitality – a crucial act of ministry.  Later, Jesus says Martha is “worried and distracted by many things…”  Here, the Greek word for “worry” is “‘strangle’ or ‘seize by the throat’ and ‘tear.’  The root meaning of the word ‘distraction’ is a dragging apart of something that should be whole.  These are [two] violent words.  Words that wound and fracture.  States of mind that render us incoherent, divided, and un-whole.”[iii]

This story is not about who is the better sibling, whether women’s work is inferior to men’s work, or even about judgment of identity for us Marthas in the room.  This is a story about how all of us have ministries – ministries of discipleship that involve learning and action, of studying the Word and showing Christian hospitality to strangers, of speeding up and slowing down.  What Jesus is really concerned about is our intention around our discipleship.  The question is not if we are doing God’s work, but how we are doing God’s work.[iv]  According to Debie Thomas, Martha is in “such a state of fragmentation, a condition in which she cannot enjoy [Jesus’] company, savor his presence, find inspiration in her work, receive anything he wishes to offer her, or show him genuine love.  Instead, all she can do is question his love…fixate on herself…, and triangulate.”  Martha seems to think she can “invite Jesus into her life – and then carry on with that life as usual, maintaining control, privileging her own priorities, and clinging to her long-cherished agendas and schedules.”  And unfortunately, “That’s not how discipleship works.”[v]

So maybe instead of getting some either-or clarity today, we need to ask some both-and questions.  How are we approaching our ministry these days?  Are we so wrapped up in our assumptions about other people’s behaviors that we have forgotten to look at our own?  Have we invited Jesus into our lives, but only under our own set of requirements and strictures?  Once we refocus our questions, some clarity comes into view[vi].  Maybe we need to take some more time at Jesus’ feet, praying, reading scripture, coming to church, or joining something like Faith and Film or Sunday morning Bible Study.  Maybe we need to look at those metaphorical dinner plates as an invitation to prayer, holding dear the bodies that will be fed by our labor.  Maybe we need step out of our controlled kitchens and go serve up a meal at Meals on Wheels or at From His Hands.  Jesus loves us and affirms us in our varied ministries.  And Jesus also knows that when we start looking at how we are doing our ministries, the real, life-giving, whole-making discipleship will come.  Amen.

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[i] Jennifer S. Wyant, “Commentary on Luke 10:38-42,” July 20, 2025, as found at https://www.workingpreacher.org/commentaries/revised-common-lectionary/ordinary-16-3/commentary-on-luke-1038-42-6 on July 19, 2025.

[ii] Amy-Jill Levine and Ben Witherington, III, The Gospel of Luke: New Cambridge Bible Commentary (Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 2018), 297.

[iii] Debie Thomas, Into the Mess & Other Jesus Stories:  Reflections on the Life of Christ (Eugene, Oregon:  Cascade Books, 2022), 51.

[iv] Matthew L. Skinner, “Exegetical Perspective,” Feasting on the Word, Yr. C., Vol. 3 (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2010), 265 and 267.

[v] Thomas, 51.

[vi] James A. Wallace, “Homiletical Perspective,” Feasting on the Word, Yr. C., Vol. 3 (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2010), 265.